effect of plant density, rhizobia and microelements on yield and some of morph physiological characteristics of pea

the effects of plant densities (25, 35 and 45 plants m-2 as d1, d2 and d3 respectively), and inoculation with rhizobium bacteria (without rhizobium, with rhizobium and rhizobium + microelement application), on growth and yield were studied in chickpea (cicer arietinum l.). experiment was carried out in 2008 at research farm of the faculty of agriculture of university of mohaghegh ardabil, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications. effects of plant density on seed per pod and weight of seed-100 were no significant and on yield per plant and harvest index were significant. effects of inoculation on weight of seed-100 were no significant and were significant on seed per pod, seed per plant and harvest index. interaction effects of plant density and rhizobium inoculation were significant on secondary branch, pod per branch, and seed per plant and grain yield (kg ha-1). highest grain yield per plant (3.6 g) and harvest index were obtained at d1 followed by d2 and d3 with 2.6 g and 35.79 %, respectively. highest seed per pod, seed per plant and harvest index were obtained at r3 with 1.03, 3.8 g and 43.72 % followed by r0 as 0.86, 2.5 g and 33.91%. maximum secondary branch at d1*r1 and d1*r2, and highest pod per branch at d1, d2*r2, and highest seed per plant at d1, d2*r2 and d3*r2 were obtained. however lowest secondary branch, pod per plant and seed per plant at d3*r0 and lowest pod per branch at d2*r0 were obtained. the highest and lowest grain yield (kg ha-1) were obtained at d3*r2 and d1*r0. study of growth index show that increasing plant density and seed rhizobium bacteria inoculation+ microelement application were increased leaf area index, total dry matter, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net accumulation rate.